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Herbert A. Simon — The Sciences of the Artificial
Classic. How Complex Systems are designed. Fundamental for many other books in that field
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Immanuel Kant — Critique of Pure Reason
One of central texts of modern philosophy. Relation between rationalism and empiricism to define a human reason (causality)
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Karl Popper — The Logic of Scientific Discovery
Classic. Popper's case that science is defined not by proof but by refutation — a theory earns its standing only by exposing itself to the risk of being proven wrong
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Plato — The Republic
Foundation of "justice" problem in society
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Robert Nozick — Anarchy, State, and Utopia
Libertarian fundamental work